US General hoists new Panamanian flag in the capital, the US having completed its conquest of Panama from Colombia (enabling it to build its long-desired Panama Canal): "The situation was resolved when the Dixie arrived, having been delayed by mechanical problems, which made fighting out of the question for the Colombians. With the release and return of General Tobar and an $8,000 bribe paid to Torres, the Colombian troops departed aboard a British Royal Mail steamer. On November 6, 1903, U.S. Major William Murray Black was handed a new Panamanian flag to hoist over the public square in Colón amid shouts of “Viva la República!” and “Vivan los Americanos!” That same day, the Roosevelt administration recognized the new Republic of Panama.[88]"